SAMEA14085224 ERS11688356 uncultured Slackia sp. This sample represents a Third Party Annotation (TPA) Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MAG) assembled from the metagenomic run ERR912019 of study ERP010700. EBI Generic Generic.1.0 ERC000047 2023-01-03 2023-01-03 SAMEA14085224 EBI European Bioinformatics Institute 2023-01-03T00:33:26Z 2023-01-03T00:33:26Z public ERR912019_bin.72_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG Many fragments with little to no review of assembly other than reporting of standard assembly statistics spadesv3.11.1 Default CONCOCT v1.1 EMG broker account, EMBL-EBI 2010-01-01 100 CheckM 2.24 Host-associated Human Digestive system United Kingdom 51.5 -0.12 metagenome-assembled genome human gut metagenome human gut metagenome The gut microbiota has been typically viewed as an environmental factor for human health. Twins are well suited for investigating the concordance of their gut microbiomes and decomposing genetic and environmental influences. However, existing twin studies utilizing metagenomic shotgun sequencing have included only a few samples. Here, we sequenced fecal samples from 250 adult twins in the TwinsUK registry and constructed a comprehensive gut microbial reference gene catalog. We demonstrate heritability of many microbial taxa and functional modules in the gut microbiome, including those associated with diseases. Moreover, we identified 8 million SNPs in the gut microbiome and observe a high similarity in microbiome SNPs between twins that slowly decreases after decades of living apart. The results shed new light on the genetic and environmental influences on the composition and function of the gut microbiome that could relate to risk of complex diseases. SAMEA3449214 ERR912019_bin.72_CONCOCT_v1.1_MAG uncultured Slackia sp. Illumina HiSeq 2000 multi-marker approach